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Border Control Technologies of Western Nations: Legal, Ethical and Financial Issues
Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
256-262
Received:
7 September 2021
Accepted:
11 October 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: While in the past border control was mostly about military and political supremacy today it is being enhanced often to protect the public resources, culture, population and to maintain social security. A brief history of border control technologies has been discussed and then how it evolved from simple border protection to complex ethnic, national and cultural protection. Border control techniques utilize air, land, naval and biometric technologies to preserve the border and ethnic and socio-cultural integrity of western countries. The objective of this study was to understand cost of such technologies, its effects on human rights and existing laws to address such violations of human rights. The analysis has been a systematic review of existing and evolving technologies. Various journals and papers, public and private research organizations have been examined in this regard. The paper finds that such technologies cost high, have harmed human rights and at the same time necessary laws have not been developed to tackle these violations. The paper proposes that to establish equitable and proportionate use of such technologies an international mechanism must be developed through the UN which must ensure proper legal and ethical framework is set up to maintain and function these advanced technologies while optimizing costs and environmental impact.
Abstract: While in the past border control was mostly about military and political supremacy today it is being enhanced often to protect the public resources, culture, population and to maintain social security. A brief history of border control technologies has been discussed and then how it evolved from simple border protection to complex ethnic, national ...
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Computation Programming of McCabe-Thiele and Ponchon-Savarit Methods for SHORT-CUT Distillation Design
Chavdar Chilev,
Moussa Dicko,
Patrick Langlois,
Farida Lamari
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
263-274
Received:
3 October 2021
Accepted:
25 October 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: Using modern computer programming resources, a computer code has been developed in the MatLAB programming environment, which allows the use of the McCabe-Thiele and Ponchon-Savarit methods for SHORT-CUT distillation design. The McCabe-Thiele and Ponchon-Savarit methods are easy to apply, are not time consuming, and allow the easy visualization of the interrelationships among variables. In order to describe all the programming steps of these methods, a combination of different types of MatLAB functions has been used. The optimum reflux ratio is determined by using volume criteria, whichallows minimizing the volume of the distillation column and thereby reducing the total cost of a distillation unit. To evaluate the accuracy of the results, a comparison between the results produced by graphical methods and those calculated by other SHORT-CUT methods and rigorous calculations has been carried out. To perform this, the ChemCAD 7.1.5 simulator has been used. The SHORT-CUT distillation module in this simulator uses the Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland (FUG) method. For rigorous estimation, the SCDS multi-stage vapor-liquid equilibrium module in ChemCAD software environment has been used. SCDS is a rigorous multi-stage vapor-liquid equilibrium module which simulates any single column calculation including distillation columns, absorbers, reboiler and strippers. The results produced by graphical methods are closer to the rigorous-calculation results than to the FUG SHORT-CUT method ones, with respect both to the reflux ratio and to the bottom and top light-key mass fraction.
Abstract: Using modern computer programming resources, a computer code has been developed in the MatLAB programming environment, which allows the use of the McCabe-Thiele and Ponchon-Savarit methods for SHORT-CUT distillation design. The McCabe-Thiele and Ponchon-Savarit methods are easy to apply, are not time consuming, and allow the easy visualization of t...
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Tactical Investigation Operation is an Effective Way of Forensic Prevention of Organized Crime in Russia
Voronin Sergey Eduardovich
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
275-280
Received:
21 October 2021
Accepted:
9 November 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: The article examines the problem of forensic prevention and its role in the fight against organized crime. The author says that this problem is especially urgent now in Russia and around the world. Tactical and forensic research, focusing on the study of tactical techniques separately and in their combinations, is possible only when seeing a holistic picture of the system of tactical techniques. The world is in a state of deep economic and social crisis. Migration processes have captured all countries. Organized crime in Russia is becoming ethnic. This complicates the fight against crimes against the person. Practice shows that ethnic criminal communities are highly organized and brutal. The author of the article analyzes tactical operation "zoning of the most criminally prone areas of the city of Krasnoyarsk." This tactical operation was carried out in 2017 by officers of the Criminal Investigation Department of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate for the Krasnoyarsk Territory. As a result of painstaking work carried out with the help of public and private ORD methods, a map of the criminal zones located in the most popular and fashionable restaurants of the city of Krasnoyarsk was compiled. Subsequently, this map was posted by the criminal investigation officers on the Internet - in all relevant social networks. Thus, summarizing what has been said, we can make a reasonable conclusion that forensic zoning, as part of forensic prevention, is fundamentally different from criminological zoning. Obviously, the main criteria for forensic zoning are not criminological reasons and conditions conducive to the commission of a crime, but the mechanism and methods of crime as forensic categories. A forensic scientist can implement a tactical operation "zoning of criminal territories" according to the method and mechanism of committing crimes. It can be not only restaurants and other public places. The article demonstrates the zoning method for the most criminogenic zones of poaching of aquatic biological resources in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan. The author of the article concludes that the tactical operation "zoning" is a universal scientific category of forensic science and criminology. Forensic prevention and tactical investigation operations are an effective way to combat organized ethnic crime.
Abstract: The article examines the problem of forensic prevention and its role in the fight against organized crime. The author says that this problem is especially urgent now in Russia and around the world. Tactical and forensic research, focusing on the study of tactical techniques separately and in their combinations, is possible only when seeing a holist...
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Applying Machine Learning Models to Classify Xenophobic Tweets Against Asians, With Data Analysis of Hate Crimes
Gi Joon Chang,
Seoyoon Choi,
Gyeongmin Han,
Heuiseo Kim,
Inselbag Lee
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
281-288
Received:
23 September 2021
Accepted:
8 November 2021
Published:
19 November 2021
Abstract: This paper offers insight to the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on people's attitudes towards certain minority groups, particularly Asians, Asian-Americans, and Pacific Islanders. With the Coronavirus first being identified in Wuhan, China, xenophobia, and racism towards groups pertaining to the supposed origins of the COVID-19 pandemic have been on the rise. Along with the violent physical attacks on these groups, this paper will focus on the online hate and xenophobia that Asians face due to their race, ethnicity, country of origin, and/or others. In this paper, Python is employed as the primary programming language; external libraries such as pandas, NumPy, sklearn, WordCloud, and matplotlib are imported for handling data. In analyzing the racism against Asians, keywords such as “Asian Hate,” “Hate Crime” and “anti-Asian” are utilized, and the Python programming language is employed to sift through Google News articles with these keywords and identify patterns in the words’ usages. Furthermore, the frequencies of the keywords’ usages on online platforms such as Twitter are also analyzed in the form of comma-separated files, with patterns of usage over time before and after the COVID-19 pandemic began being identified. Randomly selected tweets are classified into five categories: anti-Asian, not anti-Asian, not English, hate against others racial groups, and support towards Asians. These tweets are classified by artificial intelligence using machine learning methods of logistic regression, support vector machine, and Naive Bayes; the artificial intelligence was taught using pre-classified data sets. Classified tweets represent the implication and relevance between the tweets and xenophobia. This classification model of xenophobia is expected to be used in social media content censoring and enhance the internet chatting etiquette. The goal of this classification model is to terminate anti-Asian hatred and lower the overall level of societal racism.
Abstract: This paper offers insight to the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on people's attitudes towards certain minority groups, particularly Asians, Asian-Americans, and Pacific Islanders. With the Coronavirus first being identified in Wuhan, China, xenophobia, and racism towards groups pertaining to the supposed origins of the COVID-19 pandemic have been...
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National Referenda in Ukraine: Main Results and Consequences
Khrienko Tat’yana Viktorovna
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
289-293
Received:
23 September 2021
Accepted:
12 November 2021
Published:
27 November 2021
Abstract: The article contains scientific interpretation of the outcomes and identification of the defining characteristics of translation into practice of the main results of the referenda, which were held in Ukraine over the period from 1991 to 2000. During the period at hand, the total of three national referenda took place in Ukraine: on 17 March, 1 December, 1991, and 16 April, 2000. The author considers the key points regarding organizing and holding of such referenda as aforesaid based on the official data and those obtained by the author. The author specifically focuses on the fact that out of the seven questions put up for the referenda only one was carried into effect - the confirmation of the Declaration of Independence Act of Ukraine (12.01.1991). The rest of the results were ignored by the authorities. Based on the example of Ukraine, the nature of the influence of both external and internal factors on general poll organization is identified for the first time in a consolidated manner. The author also presents scientific data in order to prove the idea that in the contemporary environment it is essential to adhere to democratic principles in the course of public life management and especially when addressing fundamental issues of the government administration system. In this regard, the referendum (general poll), as a most important institution of democracy, is extremely important. The article also accentuates the imperative that "human rights" must be respected, including, inter alia, both the right to participate in referenda (general polls) and the right to demand translation of their outcomes into practice. Furthermore, the author for the first time systemically examines organization and procedure of referenda (general polls) in Ukraine and translation of their results into practice, using forms and methods of research object scientific analysis which are traditional for political sociology. In the present paper, the author primarily uses and refers to official documents and fundamental assessments by political leaders who were involved in the process of organizing and holding referenda in Ukraine.
Abstract: The article contains scientific interpretation of the outcomes and identification of the defining characteristics of translation into practice of the main results of the referenda, which were held in Ukraine over the period from 1991 to 2000. During the period at hand, the total of three national referenda took place in Ukraine: on 17 March, 1 Dece...
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The Osteogenic Quantification and Reliability of the Heel Drop and Press up Drop
Chloe Mihi Cathalina Ryan,
Tracey Leigh Clissold,
Paul William Winwood
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
294-300
Received:
11 November 2021
Accepted:
29 November 2021
Published:
7 December 2021
Abstract: Background Jump landings have been quantified as a stimulus for bone health programs, however they may not be suitable for some populations. Currently, studies quantifying alternative types of lower body exercises are limited and no studies have quantified upper body exercises for inclusion in bone health programs. This study sought to quantify and determine the reliability of a heel drop and push up drop exercise to determine whether they achieve magnitudes and rates of force previously shown to improve bone mass among premenopausal women. Methods Twenty women (Mean ±SD: 41.7 ±5.6 y; 68.2 ±10.6 kg; 165.0 ±7.6 cm) performed heel drops and push up drops on a Kistler force plate. Results The magnitude (4.9 BW’s) and rate (357 BW∙s-1) of force for the heel drop, exceeded previously determined thresholds (>3BW’s and >43 BW∙sˉ1) and the push up drop exceeded (147 BW∙sˉ1) the rate of force threshold. The heel drop force data demonstrated moderate to good (0.45 to 0.80) reliability, and the push up drop demonstrated moderate to excellent (0.50 to 0.84) reliability. Significantly (p<0.001) greater ground reaction force variables were observed in the heel drop compared to the push up drop (ES= 2.60 to 4.96). Conclusion The heel drop and push up drop could provide a unique osteogenic training stimulus for at risk populations and be incorporated into exercise programs to improve bone health. Longitudinal osteogenic training studies are needed to provide the dose-response relationships associated with bone remodelling and insight into the design and prescription of bone health programs.
Abstract: Background Jump landings have been quantified as a stimulus for bone health programs, however they may not be suitable for some populations. Currently, studies quantifying alternative types of lower body exercises are limited and no studies have quantified upper body exercises for inclusion in bone health programs. This study sought to quantify and...
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