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Research Article
Analysis of the Correlation Between Intellectual Property Trade and Indigenous Innovation in China
Hou Xiaoli*,
Wang Qi,
Wang Xiao Fang
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
1-11
Received:
12 December 2025
Accepted:
30 December 2025
Published:
20 January 2026
Abstract: Developing intellectual property (IP) trade helps enhance the level of opening-up, promotes synergy between international supply chains and industrial chains, facilitates integration into global innovation and industrial chains, and fosters open innovation. As an important growth driver for international trade and the world economy, leveraging IP trade to better propel Chinese enterprises to occupy the commanding heights of the global innovation chain holds significant importance for accelerating China's process of building an innovative nation. To explore the correlation and dynamic equilibrium between IP imports, IP exports, and indigenous innovation, this study employs data on China's intellectual property imports, exports, and indigenous innovation from 1995 to 2021 as its sample, selecting annual IP royalties imports, IP exports, and patent application volumes as proxy indicators for endogenous variables. A vector autoregressive (VAR) model is constructed for impulse response and variance decomposition analysis. The results show a stable, long-term relationship between China's IP trade and indigenous innovation. IP imports are a significant factor influencing China’s indigenous innovation, and this impact is growing. Meanwhile, indigenous innovation in China also promotes IP imports and exports to a certain extent, with a stronger effect on exports. IP imports and exports influence each other, especially with imports impacting exports. These findings provide insights for China to formulate differentiated innovation strategies and trade measures for different periods.
Abstract: Developing intellectual property (IP) trade helps enhance the level of opening-up, promotes synergy between international supply chains and industrial chains, facilitates integration into global innovation and industrial chains, and fosters open innovation. As an important growth driver for international trade and the world economy, leveraging IP t...
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Review Article
The Morphodynamics of Transcendence as a Condition of Meaning-generating Agency: An Extension of the Morphogenetic Model in Critical Realism
Marek Wos*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
12-20
Received:
5 January 2026
Accepted:
15 January 2026
Published:
11 February 2026
Abstract: Contemporary societies increasingly operate within rhythmic regimes dominated by technical acceleration, algorithmic anticipation, and systemic optimization. These transformations fundamentally affect the conditions under which human agency, reflexivity, and meaning-generation remain possible. Drawing on the framework of critical realism, this article argues that the current crisis of meaning cannot be adequately explained solely through relational, cultural, or psychological diagnoses. Instead, it requires a reconstruction of the ontological conditions of agency itself. Building upon Margaret S. Archer’s morphogenetic model (T1-T4), the article introduces the concept of morphodynamics, extended by an axiological level designated as T0 (axiostructure). This level is not an additional phase of social change but an ontological condition of possibility for reflexivity and sense-generating action. The article further develops the notion of chrono-hope, understood as a rhythm of action grounded in ontological openness to the future rather than in technical predictability or adaptive coping. By integrating insights from critical realism, digital anthropology, and contemporary diagnoses of acceleration and fatigue, the article proposes a typology of agency that distinguishes adaptive, instrumental, emancipatory, blocked, and transcending forms of action. Empirical references to contemporary youth research are interpreted diagnostically as manifestations of suspended agency at the level of reflexive mediation (T2). The article concludes that hope, understood not as emotion but as an ontological structure, constitutes a necessary condition of meaning-generating agency in late modern digital societies. In this sense, the morphodynamics of transcendence provides an analytical framework for diagnosing the conditions and limits of agency in the contemporary crisis of meaning.
Abstract: Contemporary societies increasingly operate within rhythmic regimes dominated by technical acceleration, algorithmic anticipation, and systemic optimization. These transformations fundamentally affect the conditions under which human agency, reflexivity, and meaning-generation remain possible. Drawing on the framework of critical realism, this arti...
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Research Article
Appraise the Contemporary Leadership Practice in the Era of Smart and Advanced Technology
Hossain K A*,
Mohammad Hannan Mia
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
21-51
Received:
30 December 2025
Accepted:
4 February 2026
Published:
26 February 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijsts.20261401.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: By closely analyzing contemporary leadership techniques in the global arena of intelligent and sophisticated technology, this study seeks to evaluate the idea and practice of leadership in the current era. The capacity to express a vision, uphold its principles, and create an atmosphere where everyone can achieve the objectives and demands of the company is what it means to be a leader. At the highest echelons of an organization, leaders are typically those who hold authority, responsibility, influence, and power. But this is completely false. They are the individuals who inspire and motivate others through their behaviors, demeanors, and abilities. Modern leaders are surrounded by people who share their enthusiasm, energy, and mindset. They have a genuine fan base, teammates, and lovers, yet they are not motivated by fame or popularity. They have a clear vision and goals, and they have achieved them without requiring any special privileges, rights, or positions. In the present period, one's position or rank has little bearing on leadership. They typically continue to function as an executive senior to whom the subordinates are compelled to bow, even while their views and goals are completely at odds. Modern leaders can remain ahead of the competition, make wise judgments, and develop creative solutions that boost efficiency and production by leveraging technological innovations. The emphasis is on how businesses, sectors, organizations, agencies, or nations may acquire an effective leadership style to achieve their objectives. World-class leaders are aware of the critical role technology plays in human management. Teams may benefit from it as they expand and manage work across all platforms and locations worldwide. Standard employment is no longer as traditional as it once was due to technological advancements and globalization. Modern leaders must take a more deliberate approach to management if they are to thrive. This means being adaptable and receptive to change while simultaneously accepting new tactics and concepts. Modern leadership approaches are more appropriate in today's firms, which often struggle with innovation and change, particularly in a global setting where technology is crucial. In this age of intelligent technology, the research will look into contemporary leadership techniques from a worldwide perspective. In order to be successful, the author will also examine how technology has altered leadership, the development and ensuing difficulties of leadership globally, and the essential values and characteristics of contemporary leaders.
Abstract: By closely analyzing contemporary leadership techniques in the global arena of intelligent and sophisticated technology, this study seeks to evaluate the idea and practice of leadership in the current era. The capacity to express a vision, uphold its principles, and create an atmosphere where everyone can achieve the objectives and demands of the c...
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